Moodle+Terms

__** CH. 6 MOODLE **__

The Philadelphia Convention **- took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to address problems in governing the United States of America, which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation following independence from Great Britain.** The Virginia Plan -
 * - Legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislature was more powerful, as it chose people to serve in the executive and judicial branches. **
 *  - Two houses. The House of Representatives was elected by the people and the Senate was elected by the state legislatures. Both were represented proportionally. **
 *  - The legislature could regulate interstate trade, strike down laws deemed unconstitutional and use armed forces to enforce laws. **

The New Jersey Plan -
 * - Legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislature appoints people to serve in the executive branch, and the executive branch selects the justices of the Supreme Court.**
 * - One house (unicameral). States would be represented equally, so all states had the same power.**
 * - The national government could levy taxes and import duties, regulate trade, and state laws would be subordinate to laws passed by the national legislature.**

The Great Compromise of 1787 - ** an agreement between large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It proposed a bicameral legislature, resulting in the current United States Senate and House of Representatives. **

The Three-Fifths Compromise - ** a compromise between Southern and Northern States reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. **

Federalists - ** Statesmen and public figures supporting ratification of the proposed Constitution of the United States between 1787 and 1789. The Federalist Papers are documents associated with their movement. These people were also supporting the administrations of Presidents George Washington and John Adams. Especially in the later years they were also called the Federalist Party, founded by Alexander Hamilton and supported by James Madison. It opposed the Democratic-Republican Party during the 19th century. **

Antifederalists - **people who did not favor ratification of the United States Constitution. People like Patrick Henry, Edmund Randolph and others who feared that centralized power was an invitation to tyranny, were anti-federalists. Sam Adams, for example, was opposed to the new Constitution until Massachusetts Federalists agreed to work for a Bill of rights to be added to the Constitution when it was ratified. The lack of a Bill of Rights was one of the main reasons that the anti-federalists were against ratification.**

The Federalist Papers - ** a series of 85 articles or essays advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution. Seventy-seven of the essays were published serially in The Independent Journal and The New York Packet between October 1787 and August 1788. **

The Bill of Rights - ** a collection of guarantees of individual rights and of limitations on federal and state governments that derived from popular dissatisfaction with the limited guarantees of the Constitution. The first Congress submitted 12 amendments (drafted by James Madison) to the states, 10 of which were ratified. **

Hamilton's Financial Plan - **the set of measures that were proposed by American Founding Father and 1st Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton in three notable reports and implemented by Congress during George Washington's first administration. It stabilized the country as well as strengthen the industry. The United States was in debt, and Alexander Hamilton issued new securities bonds. **

The Whiskey Rebellion - ** a resistance movement in the western part of the United States in the 1790s, during the presidency of George Washington The conflict was rooted in western dissatisfaction with various policies of the eastern-based national government. **

Democratic-Republicans - **formed first in Congress and then in every state to contest elections and oppose the programs of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton.**

Jay's Treaty - **a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war, solving many issues left over from the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris of 1783, and opening ten or more years of mostly peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars that had begun in 1793.**

Pinckney's Treaty - ** signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish Colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. **

The XYZ Affair - **a diplomatic event that strained relations between France and the United States, and led to an undeclared naval war called the Qasi-War. It took place from March of 1798 to 1800.**

Quasi-French War - ** An undeclared war between the United States and France, the Quasi-War was the result of disagreements over treaties and America's status as a neutral in the Wars of the French Revolution. Fought entirely at sea, the Quasi-War was largely a success for the fledgling US Navy as its vessels captured numerous French privateers and warships, while only losing one of its vessels. **

Washington's Farewell Address - **written to "The People of the United States near the end of his second term as President of the United States and before his retirement to his home at Mount Vernon.**

The Alien and Sedition Acts - **four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War. They were signed into law by President John Adams.**

The 12th Amendment -**provides the procedure by which the President and Vice President are elected. It replaced Article II, Section 1, Clause 3, which provided the original procedure by which the Electoral College functioned.**

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - **political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures resolved not to abide by Alien and Sedition Acts. They argued that the Acts were unconstitutional and therefore void, and in doing so, they argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution.**

Election of 1800 - **Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System.**