Moodle+Ch+7

The Louisiana Purchase **- By a treaty signed on Apr. 30, 1803, the United States purchased from France the Louisiana Territory, more than 2 million sq km (800,000 sq mi) of land extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. Jefferson wanted New Orleans. Jefferson gave Monroe the ability to negotiate. They were afraid that their huge port in New Orleans. so they needed to purchase it.**

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark - **In sharing the experiences of the Northwest Campaign against the British and the Indians, Lewis and Clark fashioned the bonds of an enduring friendship. Lewis was introverted, melancholic, and moody; Clark, extroverted, even-tempered and gregarious. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark are best known for their expedition from the Mississippi River to the West Coast and back. The expedition, called the Corps of Discovery, was President Thomas Jefferson's visionary project to explore the American West.**

Sacajawea - **was a Lemhi Shoshone woman, who accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition, acting as an interpreter and guide, in their exploration of the Western United States. She traveled thousands of miles from North Dakota to the Pacific Ocean between 1804 and 1806. Clark nicknamed her Janey. The National American Woman Suffrage Association of the early twentieth century adopted her as a symbol of women's worth and independence, erecting several statues and plaques in her memory, and doing much to spread the story of her accomplishments.**

Zebulon Pike **- U.S. soldier and explorer. He led several expeditions into the Louisiana Purchase region, where he came upon (but never climbed) what is now called Pike's Peak in Colorado. He was killed at York (now Toronto) in Ontario, Canada, while leading a charge against the British during the War of 1812. **

Milan Decree - ** was issued on December 17, 1807 by Napoleon I of France to enforce the Berlin Decree of 1806 which had initiated the Continental System. This system was the basis for his plan to defeat the British by waging economic warfare. The Milan Decree stated that no European country was to trade with the United Kingdom. **

The Aaron Burr Conspiracy **- in the beginning of the 19th century was a suspected treasonous cabal of planters, politicians, and army officers led by former U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr. According to the accusations against him, Burr’s goal was to create an independent nation in the center of North America and/or the Southwest and parts of Mexico. Burr’s explanation: To take possession of, and farm, 40,000 acres (160 km²) in the Texas Territory leased to him by the Spanish. **

Marbury v. Madison **- a landmark case in United States law. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. This case resulted from a petition to the Supreme Court by William Marbury, who had been appointed by President John Adams as Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia but whose commission was not subsequently delivered. **

Embargo Act of 1807 **- ( and the subsequent Nonintercourse Acts) were American laws restricting American ships from engaging in foreign trade between the years of 1807 and 1812. They led to the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain. **

Non-Intercourse Act **- This Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports. The intent was to damage the economies of the United Kingdom and France. Like its predecessor, the Embargo Act, it was mostly ineffective, and contributed to the coming of the War of 1812. **

Macon's Bill No. 2 - ** An Act concerning the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France and their dependencies, and for other purposes," was enacted by Congress on 1 May 1810, during the period preceding the War of 1812. The objective was to compel Great Britain and France to stop their restrictions against U.S. shipping. **

Tecumseh - ** Also known as Tecumtha or Tekamthi, was a Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy that opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812. He grew up in the Ohio country during the American Revolutionary War and the Northwest Indian War, where he was constantly exposed to warfare. **

Tenskwatawa, "The Prophet" **- a Native American religious and political leader of the Shawnee tribe, known as The Prophet or the Shawnee Prophet. **

William Henry Harrison - **9th president of the U.S., 1841; the grandfather of Benjamin Harrison. As a Whig from Ohio, he became a member of the U.S. House of Representatives 1817–19 and of the U.S. Senate 1825–28.**

Battle of Tippecanoe - ** Was fought on November 7, 1811, between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and forces of Tecumseh's growing American Indian confederation led by his younger brother Tenskwatawa. **

War Hawks - **a term originally used to describe members of the Twelfth Congress of the United States who advocated waging war against the British in the War of 1812. The term has evolved into an informal Americanism used to describe a political stance of being for aggression, by diplomatic and ultimately military means, against others to improve the standing of their own government, country, or organization.**

The War of 1812 - ** Was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for a number of reasons, including a desire for expansion into the Northwest Territory, trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, and the humiliation of American honour. Until 1814, the British Empire adopted a defensive strategy, repelling multiple American invasions of the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. **

Francis Scott Key - **(August 1, 1779 – January 11, 1843) was an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet, from Georgetown, who wrote the lyrics to the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner". During the War of 1812, Key, accompanied by the American Prisoner Exchange Agent Colonel John Stuart Skinner, dined aboard the British ship HMS Tonnant, as the guests of three British officers: Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane, Rear Admiral Sir George Cockburn, and Major General Robert Ross. Skinner and Key were there to negotiate the release of prisoners, one being Dr. William Beanes.**

The Battle of New Orleans **- the name of a song written by Jimmie Driftwood. The song details the 1815 Battle of New Orleans from the perspective of an American fighting alongside Andrew Jackson against British. It has been recorded by many artists, but the one most often associated with this song is Johnny Horton. His version topped the Billboard Hot 100 in 1959 (see 1959 in music). **

Treaty of Ghent **- (8 Stat. 218), signed on December 24, 1814, in Ghent (modern day Belgium, then in limbo between the First French Empire and United Kingdom of the Netherlands), was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The treaty largely restored relations between the two nations to status quo ante bellum. Because of the era's slow communications, it took weeks for news of the peace treaty to reach the United States, and the Battle of New Orleans was fought after it was signed.**

Supreme Court Justice John Marshall - ** Was an American jurist and statesman who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power. Marshall was Chief Justice of the United States, serving from January 31, 1801, until his death in 1835. He served in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1799, to June 7, 1800, and was Secretary of State under President John Adams from June 6, 1800, to March 4, 1801. Marshall was from the Commonwealth of Virginia and a leader of the Federalist Party. **